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Temple land in Chola and Pandyan inscriptions

The legal meaning and historical implications of Kudinngdvadna

Noboru Karashima is a Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo

The purpose of this dvadna study1 is twofold. In Chola and Pandyan inscriptions (tenth to thirteenth centuries) dvadnas granted to Hindu temples are often designated as kudinkki or kudinng in relation to the mode of their utilisation by the temple. In past studies, however, these two terms have been variously and wrongly interpreted by scholars. The first and main purpose of this study, therefore, is to ascertain the correct legal meaning of these terms, which stipulate the position of the new kudis and not that of the old kudis, as most past studies have assumed. Having done so, we shall be able to understand the historical implications of dvadna, especially kudinng-dvadna, appearing in inscriptions. As a second and subsidiary purpose, therefore, I shall try to relate this dvadna analysis to the broader issue of the social change which occurred during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries caused by changes in the landholding system and land revenue policy of the state. For this purpose I shall examine the pattern of dvadna appearing in Chola and Pandyan inscriptions. This pattern seems to reflect these changes.

Indian Economic & Social History Review, Vol. 45, No. 2, 175-199 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/001946460804500201


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